Five species of Tit have been ringed in Ireland since 1975 and one of those I have included by name default - Bearded Tit (Reedling). The other four are widespread breeders - Blue, Coal, Great and Long-tailed Tit. The only other species of Tit recorded in Ireland that has not been ringed is Marsh Tit, following a short lived unofficial introduction of birds in a woodland in the south.
Only two species of Crest have been ringed/recorded in Ireland - Goldcrest, a widespread breeder and Firecrest, an uncommon passage migrant. A close relative from North America has also been recorded -
Ruby-crowned Kinglet, with one being trapped at Cape Clear BO in 2013. It is very rare in the Western Palearctic with only two previous records which came from Iceland in the 90's. Given that only one RcK has been ringed, I won't go into any detail.
Firecrest
Firecrest are almost annual along the south coast on migration, but records have tailed off a bit in recent years. 2015 proved to be a very productive year with 40+ birds recorded between Sept-Nov. The previous years were less so, with potentially just the one in 2014, 12 in 2013, three in 2012 and two in 2011. Generally most of the records come in the Autumn but in the odd year, such as 2013, they came in the spring. One or two birds will also winter in Ireland but these records are few and far between. Firecrest is a rare bird in Northern Ireland.
The graph below shows a trend of greater encounters with birds through the 80's and early 90's with much fewer records since 2008, with only one record. A total of 79 were ringed in this period in the south, with six in the north. There were at least seven ringed in Ireland before this period but again I only have partial records for then.
Goldcrest
The Goldcrest is a common breeder throughout Irelands forests and they are one of the few species who inhabit the dense coniferous plantations. The majority of the birds are caught at coastal migration points and offshore islands in the spring and autumn. They are typically short lived, averaging about two years, so the majority caught are first year birds.
There was a huge invasion this autumn, when Goldcrests hit Britain in their thousands, with perhaps 100+ bearing rings from Fennoscandia, Poland, Belgium, Holland, Denmark and the Baltic States. Ireland didn't seem to feel the effects and ourselves (CCRG) on the north coast actually caught less than last year with increased effort!
Going by the graph below it would seem that these eruptions have happened before, particularly in 1989 when 1,825 were ringed, followed by the second most productive year of 1988 with 1,182. There was probably association in these two years, with a good spring following a bountiful autumn. 2009 was the quietest year with only 91 caught across Ireland.
A total of 19,535 have been ringed in Ireland since 1975.
The recovery map below shows a strong correlation of birds using the Irish Sea islands and the south coast of England but that is where the majority of the ringers assemble! I am surprised that there is only a single record coming from the north, as I thought there would have been quite a few more. Copeland Bird Observatory is a focal point but it is difficult to say if these birds are coming out of Ireland or if they are coming from Scandinavia/Scotland without more ringing records. Certainly when the birds pass through/leave Ireland they all seem to move south/east, with all recoveries going to Britain, although the results may be biased as I discounted all inter-Ireland movements which may have shown otherwise.
Goldcrest recoveries - green in, red out
Bearded Tit
As of 2011, Bearded Tits returned to Ireland as a breeding bird after a 26 year absence. They again bred in Co. Wexford in 2012 & 2013 and may have done so in 2014-15 but I do not have the data - there have certainly been birds present. The species seems to come in small fluxes along the east coast, with birds recorded in Louth in 1966, Wicklow 1974-1985 (breeding proved in 1976 and 1982-1985) and further records in Wexford in 1989 and Cork 1979-81.
The only ringing to target the species took place in the early 80's and ceased when breeding was confirmed in 1985.
Long-tailed Tit
A tiny resident breeder, that spends much of the year in family groups, often numbering over a dozen birds. During ringing sessions, it is often the case that if you catch one or two of the family group, the rest will join them in the pockets of the mist nets, responding to their relatives calls.
The numbers caught from year to year is very staggered with some striking differences. The species notoriously does not fair well in prolonged cold spells and may go in some way to explain the changes but undoubtedly not the only reason. The trends between north and south show the complete opposite at times and this suggests that ringing effort may be a major factor.
The greatest number ringed in one year was in 1975 with 383, with the lowest coming in 2001 with 72. A total of 7,788 have been ringed in Ireland since 1975.
In general most of our Tit species are rather sedentary and this is the reason that there are so few recoveries. From the data available to me, I found only two movements in or out of Ireland.
The first was a Great Tit ringed at Portmore Lough, Co. Antrim, that found its way to Greater Manchester four years later, unfortunately succumbing to a window. The second was a fast moving Blue Tit that made its way from Bardsey Bird Observatory to Cape Clear Bird Observatory, covering 354 km in 18 days. I also included two interesting inter-Ireland movements. One was a Great Tit moving from Dublin to County Tyrone and the other was a Coal Tit moving 268m km from Cape Clear BO to County Offaly in the midlands - potentially an immigrant to Ireland.
Tit recoveries - Green in, red out and blue inter
Great Tit
Another common breeding species across Ireland, generally in wooded areas. The majority are caught at feeding stations, plus many pullus ringed in nest boxes.
There appears to a general trend of increasing numbers of Great Tit being ringed since 1975. The lowest total came in 1978 with 266 birds trapped, rising to the most productive year in 2014 with 1,441. A total of 31,566 have been ringed in Ireland since 1975.
Blue Tit
A species similar to Great Tit in habits and trapped in a similar manner. They are a delightful looking bird but are feisty little things and can be tricky to extract from mist nets.
Overall the trend seems relatively steady, although there are many more peaks and a few troughs. 1985 was the most productive year with 2,140 and 1978 the least with 690. A total of 53,232 have been ringed in Ireland since 1975.
Coal Tit
The majority of these records will refer to the Irish race of Coal Tit,
Periparus ater hibernicus. British and Continental Coal Tits do appear on the offshore islands and coastal watch points in autumn but no distinction has been made for birds ringed.
Generally the number of Coal Tits ringed seems steady with only one large dip (256 & 214) in 2006-2007 and a large spike (933) in 2012. The majority of Coal Tits are ringed around feeding stations and the numbers really increase in prolonged bad weather in winter, when the birds descend from the coniferous plantations into Irish gardens.
A total of 9,193 Coal Tits have been ringed in Northern Ireland since 1977, with 7,588 in the south.
